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Forklift Control Valve
Control Valve for Forklift - Automatic control systems were primarily created more than two thousand years ago. The ancient water clock of Ktesibios in Alexandria Egypt dating to the 3rd century B.C. is considered to be the first feedback control tool on record. This particular clock kept time by regulating the water level within a vessel and the water flow from the vessel. A popular style, this successful device was being made in the same way in Baghdad when the Mongols captured the city in 1258 A.D.
A variety of automatic tools through history, have been used in order to complete particular tasks. A common style used through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, was the automata. This piece of equipment was an example of "open-loop" control, consisting dancing figures that would repeat the same job again and again.
Closed loop or also called feedback controlled tools include the temperature regulator common on furnaces. This was developed in 1620 and accredited to Drebbel. Another example is the centrifugal fly ball governor developed during the year 1788 by James Watt and utilized for regulating steam engine speed.
J.C. Maxwell, who discovered the Maxwell electromagnetic field equations, wrote a paper in 1868 "On Governors," that could clarify the instabilities exhibited by the fly ball governor. He made use of differential equations to describe the control system. This paper demonstrated the importance and helpfulness of mathematical methods and models in relation to understanding complicated phenomena. It also signaled the start of mathematical control and systems theory. Previous elements of control theory had appeared before by not as convincingly and as dramatically as in Maxwell's study.
New control theories and new developments in mathematical techniques made it possible to more precisely control more dynamic systems than the initial model fly ball governor. These updated methods comprise different developments in optimal control during the 1950s and 1960s, followed by progress in stochastic, robust, adaptive and optimal control methods during the 1970s and the 1980s.
New applications and technology of control methodology have helped produce cleaner auto engines, more efficient and cleaner chemical methods and have helped make space travel and communication satellites possible.
At first, control engineering was practiced as a part of mechanical engineering. Also, control theory was first studied as part of electrical engineering in view of the fact that electrical circuits could often be simply described with control theory techniques. Nowadays, control engineering has emerged as a unique discipline.
The very first control relationships had a current output that was represented with a voltage control input. Since the proper technology to implement electrical control systems was unavailable at that moment, designers left with the option of slow responding mechanical systems and less efficient systems. The governor is a very effective mechanical controller which is still often used by several hydro plants. Eventually, process control systems became available prior to modern power electronics. These process controls systems were usually utilized in industrial applications and were devised by mechanical engineers making use of hydraulic and pneumatic control equipments, lots of which are still being used today.
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