Forklift Hydraulic Control Valves

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valves - The control valve is a tool which directs the fluid to the actuator. This tool will consist of cast iron or steel spool that is positioned in a housing. The spool slides to different places inside the housing. Intersecting grooves and channels direct the fluid based on the spool's location.

The spool is centrally positioned, help in place by springs. In this particular position, the supply fluid could be blocked and returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to one side, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. If the spool is moved to the opposite side, the supply and return paths are switched. Once the spool is allowed to return to the neutral or center location, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into place.

Normally, directional control valves are built to be able to be stackable. They generally have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input which supplies all the valves in the stack.

To be able to avoid leaking and tackle the high pressure, tolerances are maintained very tight. Usually, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. So as to prevent distorting the valve block and jamming the valve's extremely sensitive parts, the valve block will be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

The position of the spool may be actuated by hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids which push the spool right or left. A seal allows a portion of the spool to stick out the housing where it is easy to get to to the actuator.

The main valve block is usually a stack of off the shelf directional control valves chosen by flow performance and capacity. Various valves are designed to be on-off, while some are designed to be proportional, like in flow rate proportional to valve position. The control valve is one of the most pricey and sensitive components of a hydraulic circuit.

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